Abstract Willow bark has been used in medicine for centuries, most notably by Hippocrates (460 B.C. to 377 B.C.), who is now known as the ‘father of modern medicine’.[1] Today the painkiller industry is much more advanced, and aspirin, whose origins began with willow bark, is now a common medication used to treat a variety […]
Genes are the instruction code for all of an individual’s features.[[1]] Genetic modification (i.e., altering the genes of an organism[[2]]) has been debated about for centuries. It can be used to treat medical conditions and to shape how a person develops[[3]]. The movie “Gattaca” depicts a world where characteristics can be selected before birth. Some […]
Abstract: According to Global Cancer Statistics, there were approximately 32.6 million cancer patients reported in 2015, making it one of the world’s most imminent health threats.[1] Currently, chemotherapy is the leading treatment given to cancer patients. Chemotherapy involves one or more drugs that interfere with mitosis using non-specific intracellular toxins. Almost all of the side […]
Abstract: Porphyria is a rare group of genetic diseases involving the malfunction or reduced production of heme biosynthetic enzymes. This results in the accumulation of toxic precursors (substances that form the following substance during metabolic pathways) during metabolism, which if not cleared can lead to a variety of symptoms depending on the type of precursor. […]
Abstract The purpose of this research was to analyse the effects of studying music on brain waves. The beta wave data was most closely examined because of the correspondence with attention. This is because of the theory that a musician’s intelligence increases partly because of attention’s role as a mediating executive function. An electroencephalogram (EEG) […]
Introduction (Sona Popat) The day is July 20th, 1969. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins (Figure 1), the crew of the Apollo 11, land on the moon, and people around the world turn their eyes to the universe. A whole generation vividly remember the moment, with over half a billion people[1] gathering around their […]
Abstract Antioxidants are often recommended by nutritionists and clinicians with the understanding that antioxidants should slow down cancer formation and progression. However, the evidence regarding the efficacy of antioxidants on the incidence and prognosis of cancer are mixed. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and α-tocopherol […]
Abstract Stroke is a very common and serious medical problem. Ischemic strokes happen when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the brain, causing brain cells to die. A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a brain artery breaks and blood flows freely into the brain. Telling the difference between the two types of stroke is very […]
All use of animals in these experiments, including surgeries and euthanasia, were performed at the New York University (NYU), following the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval. Abstract The current gold standard of care for alveolar (constituting the part of the jaws where the teeth arise)[1] bone clefts or any bone defects is an […]
Abstract Past research focused on liquid biopsy tests diagnosing and localising cancers have built much promise in this technique to uncover early stage tumours before metastasis. However, many issues such as low test accuracy, high false positive rates and overdiagnosis have prevented this test from being adopted. In this article, we propose and justify the […]
In an age where practically any information, data, or study can be found through just the click of a button, there are new precautions that patients and doctors alike must take. The main responsibility of a reader is to take what has been read, correctly analyse it, and interpret the information. Doing so is very […]
As a sixth former, I need to find work experience in order to gain the crucial knowledge and understanding which will enrich my application to medical school. Initially I struggled to find a work placement having contacted at least 50 hospitals and GP practices around Manchester, Chester, Macclesfield, and Warrington. Fortunately, through a former classmate, […]
Is there a connection between Bipolar and creativity? Abstract: There has been lots of research both into the psychopathology of creative people, as well as the neuroscience of people living with Bipolar disorder. However, there has not as of yet been sufficient investigation into why there appears to be this link between creative individuals and […]
A synopsis on a cutting edge technology in molecular biology that will revolutionize the future practice of medicine.
Alzheimer’s, Ethics and Immortality Kazimir Uzwyshyn-Jones, St Georges School Abstract With a rapidly ageing human population Alzheimer’s and other similar diseases will become ever more common. Although the impact of Alzheimer’s on society is growing substantially, the disease is still poorly understood. Our society generally considers Alzheimer’s as a disease of the old with huge […]
Abstract Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited disease that contains a mutation in a beta-globin gene. There are only a few potential treatments present these days, but even those treatments set limitation on a patient’s condition due to the high risk of side effects. A recent study has shown that SCD should deal with […]
Abstract Our world is one of much diversity, with over thirty million species of insects alone. What makes this diversity more incredible is the amount of similarities that many organisms share. These parallels can be harnessed in ways that allow us as humans to take advantage of our similarities with other organisms and use them […]
Abstract The aim of this experiment was to find a solution that may help control the resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics. This experiment tests to see the efficacy of everyday natural products towards health and wellbeing as opposed to seeking conventional antibiotics, which can trigger problems such as antibiotic resistance. This experiment is […]
Antibiotics are drugs that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth so are used to treat bacterial infections in many areas of healthcare. There are several different variations and types with 6 main classifications: penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. [1] Each type destroys bacteria in a different way, many, including penicillin, punch holes into […]
When I was in fifth grade, I underwent one of the scariest experiences in my life. I knew that my mother had a family history of breast cancer, but now I realized that it had the potential to impact her directly. I can still remember the experience like it occured yesterday. My mom went to […]