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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) This new revolutionary genome editing tool will enable the elimination of many genetic diseases. It could also be used to modify crops, screen for cancer genes, eradicate virus\’ and for genome engineering. This has sparked debate on whether ethically, this could lead to a slippery slope on what …

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PCSK9 Inhibitors – a solution for familial hypercholesterolaemia and ischaemic heart disease?

PCSK9 stands for Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin type 9 and it was first discovered in 2003[1] by Dr. Seidah et al. and it is a 692-amino acid glycoprotein.[2] PCSK9 is secreted by the liver into the circulation[3] and it controls the “number of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) on the cell surface”[4] and therefore ultimately the …

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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

What is Hypoplastic left heart syndrome? Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect which occurs in approximately 1 in 5000 babies. The term ‘hypoplastic’ refers to the underdevelopment of a tissue or an organ. Therefore HLHS involves the underdevelopment, or sometimes absence, of left-sided heart structures. For example, the left ventricle, …

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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage – T.A.P.V.D   What is T.A.P.V.D? T.A.P.V.D stands for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage. It is an incredibly rare congenital heart defect (approximately 1 in 20,000 babies are born with it.) T.A.P.V.D is where the pulmonary veins, which bring oxygenated blood from the lungs and back to the heart, don’t …

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Remember that time?

Since everyone in Years 11 and above will be, or at least should be, studying for exams around this time of year, it might be fun to think about the actual process of learning/memory itself. Before we start though,  it\’s worth mentioning that with a topic like this it is far too easy to start considering …

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