PCSK9 stands for Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin type 9 and it was first discovered in 2003[1] by Dr. Seidah et al. and it is a 692-amino acid glycoprotein.[2] PCSK9 is secreted by the liver into the circulation[3] and it controls the “number of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) on the cell surface”[4] and therefore ultimately the …
What is Hypoplastic left heart syndrome? Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect which occurs in approximately 1 in 5000 babies. The term ‘hypoplastic’ refers to the underdevelopment of a tissue or an organ. Therefore HLHS involves the underdevelopment, or sometimes absence, of left-sided heart structures. For example, the left ventricle, …
Tetralogy of Fallot What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect (one which is present at birth.) In fact, it is one of the most common congenital heart defects. It affects approximately 5 in 10,000 live births. Fallot was the name of the doctor who discovered this condition and the …
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage – T.A.P.V.D What is T.A.P.V.D? T.A.P.V.D stands for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage. It is an incredibly rare congenital heart defect (approximately 1 in 20,000 babies are born with it.) T.A.P.V.D is where the pulmonary veins, which bring oxygenated blood from the lungs and back to the heart, don’t …
Although diabetes mellitus, or, more commonly, just ‘diabetes’, is a condition (or, technically, a group of conditions) affecting over 382 million people worldwide, it is a condition which many people don’t know much about. In this article, I will explore type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as well as a potential stem cell treatment for it. …
The question of how long you should be sleeping for drifts in and out of the public eye with few groundbreaking announcements coming through. This raises the question of just how important sleep really is; if we\’ve come this far with little care for this aspect of our lives, it can\’t be that important can …
The question of how long you should be sleeping for drifts in and out of the public eye with few groundbreaking announcements coming through. This raises the question of just how important sleep really is; if we\’ve come this far with little care for this aspect of our lives, it can\’t be that important can …
Some Benefits of Eating Apples In this short article I will be briefly explaining why apples are so good for your health and why the saying \’An apple a day, keeps the doctor away\’ is probably true. First of all, apples – like many fruit – contain a whole variety of vitamins and minerals. However …
The Benefits of Oranges Oranges are one of the most popular fruits on the planet and for good reason. Not only do they taste nice but they are bursting with vitamins and minerals. In this article, I will be going over some of the benefits of oranges and why you should eat more of them. …
The Ebola virus, or ‘Death Virus’ is a major concern due to the recent outbreak across West Africa, in countries such as Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia. The disease is now at an international scale, with precautions even being taken to prepare in the UK. So, what is Ebola and how is it so deadly? …
